He was born in Bückeburg the son of Friedrich Christian, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe and his first wife, Countess Johanna Sophia of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1673–1743).
In 1743, he joined Maria Theresa of Austria and Schaumburg-Lippe led during the War of the Austrian Succession.
He was married firstly to Countess Margarete Gertrud of Oeynhausen (1701–1726), an illegitimate daughter of George I of Great Britain and his mistress Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal, on 30 October 1721 at London.
They had two children: He was married secondly to Princess Charlotte of Nassau-Siegen (1702–1785) on 26 April 1730 at Varel.
She was the eldest daughter of Frederick William Adolf, Prince of Nassau-Siegen and his wife, Landgravine Elisabeth Juliana Francisca of Hesse-Homburg.