Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Albrecht von Gräfe,[1] often Anglicized to Graefe[2] (22 May 1828 – 20 July 1870), was a Prussian pioneer of German ophthalmology.

At the University of Berlin, Graefe studied philosophy, logic, natural sciences and anatomy, under notable names such as Dove, H. Rose, Müller, and Schlemm, eventually obtaining his medical doctorate in 1847.

He continued his studies at Prague, Paris, Vienna and London, and having devoted special attention to ophthalmology, in 1850, he began to practice as an oculist in Berlin.

His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof II der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No.

[3] He introduced iridectomy for glaucoma,[6] identified retardation of the eyelid in Basedow's disease,[5] and described the combination of retinitis pigmentosa and perceptive deafness in Usher's syndrome.