Alejo de Esparza (c. 1638-1700s) was a Basque soldier and merchant, who served as commander of the Fort of Buenos Aires and colonizer of the city in the 17th century.

He was the founder of the Esparza family in Río de la Plata, whose paternal branch was extinguished in the eighteenth century.

In January 1660, Esparza arrived at the port of Buenos Aires, on the ship "Nuestra Señora de Aranzazu".

He had been recruited as a soldier in San Sebastian, place from where the expedition, led by Martin de Telleria, departed to Buenos Aires.

His son, Miguel Gerónimo de Esparza y Rodríguez, served as alcalde and regidor of Buenos Aires.