10] 1894) was a Baltic German physiologist from what was then the Governorate of Livonia in the Russian Empire.

He was born on the island of Moon, which is today known by its Estonian name Muhu, in present-day Estonia.

In 1858, he received his medical doctorate from the University of Dorpat, and later was an assistant to Felix Hoppe-Seyler (1825-1895) in Berlin, and to Carl Ludwig (1816-1895) in Leipzig.

In 1869 he succeeded Friedrich Bidder (1810-1894) as professor of physiology at Dorpat, where he remained for the rest of his life.

[2] Schmidt is credited for providing a foundation for the creation of anti-coagulation systems and towards the development of blood transfusion.