On Bindo's recommendation, Alfieri and Ettore Maserati went back to Isotta Fraschini on a mission to Argentina in 1912, returning to Italy to found the new Milan-based workshop Societa Anonima Officine Alfieri Maserati in 1914.

Both served in World War I and the workshop was run by his brother Ernesto Maserati, who led a large production of spark plugs to the war effort.

Alfieri won a number of races in the 1920s and he was head mechanic for Diatto from 1922 until 1926, when he joined his brothers and they created the Maserati Tipo 26 based on Diatto chassis he had brought.

In 1927 while racing his Type 26 at the 312 km 1st Coppa Messina on the Circuit of Monti Peloritani, Alfieri lost control in the first lap[2] and the car overturned after hitting a ditch.

In 1932, during a poorly executed surgery on the remaining kidney, Alfieri died unexpectedly from complications while in the recovery room on the third of March, in Ospedale Maggiore in Bologna.