Allkaruen (meaning "ancient brain") is a genus of "rhamphorhynchoid" pterosaur from the Early Jurassic Cañadon Asfalto Formation in Argentina.

[2] In addition, the relative orientations of the frontal bone and lateral semicircular canal are more similar to Rhamphorhynchus than Anhanguera, while the optic lobes are positioned lower than the forebrain as in pterodactyloids.

[2] These elements were in 2000 discovered in the Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Cerro Cóndor, Chubut, Argentina, which has been dated to the Middle-Late Toarcian, 179.17 ± 0.12-178.07 ± 0.21 m.a (although earlier estimates have suggested an earliest-Bathonian age).

[2] Dorygnathus Nesodactylus Rhamphorhynchus Cacibupteryx Pterorhynchus Sordes Scaphognathus Allkaruen Darwinopterus Wukongopterus Pterodactyloidea In their 2024 description of Ceoptera, Martin-Silverstone et al. found reasonable evidence in their phylogenetic analyses that Allkaruen instead represents the earliest known member of the Darwinoptera within Monofenestrata.

Their results are shown in the cladogram below:[9] Changchengopterus Kunpengopterus Wukongopterus Darwinopterus Kryptodrakon Cuspicephalus Allkaruen Ceoptera 'Rhamphodactylus' Pterodactylus Derived pterodactyloids