A new series was started in 1827 under the editorship of Chapman along with William Potts Dewees and John D. Godman.

In 1827, the editorship passed to Isaac Hays, who gave it its present name,[1] and helped make it one of the most important American medical journals of the 19th century.

[1] On the 175th anniversary, the February 1, 1995 issue featured a photograph of Volume 1 from 1820, a brief history and three classic articles were critiqued by contemporary scholars:[1] Regarding these critiques, Martinez-Maldonado said: These were landmark articles that are known worldwide, because they were the first to address these issues, ....

This shows how clever and precise our ancestors were and their keen powers of observation.The American Journal of the Medical Sciences is currently published monthly by Elsevier.

As of 2017, the editor in chief is Jesse Roman of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia Pennsylvania.