His father Yaakov was an economist who worked at Bank Hapoalim, and later served in a number of senior management positions in Israeli industry.

[1] Yaron's doctoral thesis was completed under the guidance of Lars Peter Hansen, later the winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Economics.

Among other things, this paper helped provide an understanding of the situation that led to the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, and laid a solid scientific groundwork for the inclusion of various factors that influence the public's savings and consumption.

Since the article was published, it has been cited many times in economic studies, scientific publications, and articles, including a document by the Nobel Prize Committee in 2013, which noted that the Bansal-Yaron model had a deep effect on many later studies, including those of that year's Nobel Prize winner, Lars Peter Hansen.

He was among the first contributors to the macroeconomic literature on models that include a large number of consumers and heterogeneous firms, and he also wrote studies dealing with inequality,[3] consumerism, human capital,[4] unemployment,[5] earning capacity, national welfare programs, and more.

On October 9, 2018, Prof. Amir Yaron was chosen by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to be the next governor of the Bank of Israel, subject to government approval.

He also emphasized the urgent need for broad investment in infrastructure and in human capital that was required to realize the economy's growth potential.

On January 7, 2019, Yaron announced that in consultation with the Bank's Monetary Committee, it was decided to leave the interest rate unchanged at 0.25%.

The announcement accompanying the January 7 decision stated that in the coming two years, a gradual and cautious increase in the interest rate was expected with the aim of stabilizing inflation.

Since then, the EMV standard has been introduced, leading to the entry of ApplePay, the increased use of digital wallets, and the completion of contactless transactions.

During the discussions on the Levin Judicial Reform, Governor Yaron criticized it and said, "The changes being made to the legislation may have a negative impact on the independence of Israel’s institutions.

Shortly after the outbreak of Israel-Hamas war on October 7, 2023, the Bank of Israel has launched multiple programs aimed at stabilizing the economy.

In parallel, the BOI, promoted a unified program by the commercial banks offering loan and mortgage deferrals to the victims and reserve persons.

Those conferences included some of the most prominent figures in the economic world, such as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, Jerome Powell, the President of the ECB, Christine Lagrade, and the General Manager of the BIS, Agustín Carstens.

Yaron, a prominent figure in his field, took a clear stance against extensive changes to the legal system if they infringe on the strength and independence of Institutions and be without widespread political support.

Even during regular press conferences hosted by the Bank of Israel, the governor discussed the potential impact of legal reform.

[11] Yaron's opposition to the way the reform was promoted, combined with the Bank of Israel's interest rate increases under his leadership at the time, resulted in criticism and attacks from coalition members.

There were those who wondered about how appropriate it was to appoint a foreign resident to such a senior position, while there were others who saw it as an opportunity to strengthen the country's connection with Israeli citizens living abroad.