[19] East Amwell Township is located in the southeastern corner of Hunterdon County where it borders both Somerset and Mercer counties, within the heart of the Amwell Valley and Raritan Valley regions.

[20] Amwell Township was established by a royal patent from Queen Anne in 1708.

[24][25][26] Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Amwell,[citation needed] Boss Road, Bowne,[citation needed] Buttonwood Corners, Cloverhill, Furmans Corner,[citation needed] Larisons Corners, Linvale (historically known as New Market), Reaville, Rileyville, Ringoes, Rocktown,[citation needed] Snydertown, Union, Unionville, Venliews Corners and Wertsville.

[27] The 2010 United States census counted 4,013 people, 1,518 households, and 1,155 families in the township.

Of all households, 17.9% were made up of individuals and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

[38] As of the 2000 United States census[14] there were 4,455 people, 1,581 households, and 1,305 families residing in the township.

[49][50][51] For the 119th United States Congress, New Jersey's 7th congressional district is represented by Thomas Kean Jr. (R, Westfield).

[53] For the 2024-2025 session, the 15th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Shirley Turner (D, Lawrence Township) and in the General Assembly by Verlina Reynolds-Jackson (D, Trenton) and Anthony Verrelli (D, Hopewell Township).

[60][61] Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are Clerk Mary H. Melfi (R; Flemington, 2026),[62][63] Sheriff Fredrick W. Brown (R; Alexandria Township, 2025)[64][65] and Surrogate Heidi Rohrbach (R; Lebanon Township, 2028).

[82] Seats on the high school district's nine-member board of education are allocated based in the population of the five constituent municipalities who participate in the school district, with one seat allocated to East Amwell Township.

[83] Eighth grade students from all of Hunterdon County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Hunterdon County Vocational School District, a county-wide vocational school district that offers career and technical education at its campuses in Raritan Township and at programs sited at local high schools, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.

[85] Route 31 passes through mostly along the western border with West Amwell Township.

[91] The closest limited access road is Interstate 295 in neighboring Hopewell Township.

East Amwell is home to an experimental renewable energy project called The Hopewell Project, which uses solar power to generate hydrogen that is used to provide 100% of a home's heating, cooling and electrical needs.

[92] People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with East Amwell Township include: