)These terms were introduced in Some Theory of Sampling (1950, Chapter 7) by W. Edwards Deming.
Although analytical studies need to take into account the uncertainty due to sampling, as in enumerative studies, the attributes of the study design and analysis of the data primarily deal with the uncertainty resulting from extrapolation to the future (generalisation to the conditions in future time periods).
The methods used in analytical studies encourage the exploration of mechanisms through multifactor designs, contextual variables introduced through blocking and replication over time.
[3] This distinction between enumerative and analytic studies is the theory behind the Fourteen Points for Management.
In other words, management should focus on improvement of processes for the future instead of on judgment of current results.
of data requires also understanding of the distinction between enumerative studies and analytic problems.