The Anatolian Biogeographic Region covers the interior and east of Anatolia, and excludes the coastal areas along the Black Sea and Mediterranean.

It includes the central Anatolian Plateau, the Pontic and Taurus mountains and northern Mesopotamia.

It is an area of recently folded mountains formed from sedimentary rocks from the Paleozoic to Quaternary (539 million years ago to the present).

It averages about 900 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level, with rugged terrain surrounding areas of gently sloping or flat land.

Threats to biodiversity include agriculture, over-grazing, exotic species, dams and drainage projects.