Ancistrini is a tribe of catfishes of the family Loricariidae.

Most are restricted to tropical and subtropical South America, but there are also several genus (Ancistrus, Chaetostoma, Hemiancistrus and Lasiancistrus) in southern Central America.

However, the subfamily Hypostominae would be paraphyletic if Ancistrinae continued to be recognized.

[4] Pterygoplichthyini is sister to the tribe Ancistrini, which shares the derived presence of an evertible patch of plates on the cheek.

[5] Most Ancistrini species (except for some Pseudancistrus and Spectracanthicus) can be separated from all other loricariids except the Pterygoplichthyini by the presence of evertible cheek plates with hypertrophied odontodes.