If there is a "working arrangement" where state officials will violate the rights of the accused and federal officials will charge them federally, the fact that the federal officers did not personally violate the law is immaterial to a confession's admissibility.

[1] Justice Stanley F. Reed was the only dissenter, but he did not write a separate opinion.

For context, Reed was also the only dissenter in the earlier case, McNabb v. United States, where he objected strenuously to the idea that the courts should exercise supervisory authority over the police in this way.

He expressed concern that technical requirements would result in criminals escaping punishment.

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