His pupils may have included Placido Titi and Giovanni Battista Seni, astrologer to Wallenstein.

After recovering from grave illness in 1646, Argoli wore the Franciscan habit for the rest of his life in gratitude.

The Pandosion sphaericum of 1644, a large-scale geocentric cosmography, includes a remarkable extract from Harvey's De motu cordis and discusses the theories put forth by Walaeus in his Epistolae duae de motu chyli.

This system is identical to that of Martianus Capella, but Argoli proposed also that the Earth is rotating on its own axis.

As a mathematician Argoli is best remembered for his discovery that logarithms facilitate easy processes, but increase the labor of difficult ones.