[4] The galls are irregular, cone-shaped bodies [6] that are closely packed together, with their pointed bases attached to a common centre.

[7] These wedges are hard and corky and break off very easily when the gall is dry.

Each of them contains a hollow kernel with a plump, large larva inside.

[8] The galls undergo color change from pink or red to yellow and finally to brown.

Guest wasps found in the galls include inquilines such as Synergus lignicola (Cynipidae) and parasitoids such as Eurytoma sp.