Anna Bayerová (4 November 1853 – 24 January 1924) was the second Czech female medical doctor, after Bohuslava Kecková.

Bayerová was born in Vojtěchov (now part of Mšeno) near Mělník on 4 November 1853, the youngest child of Josef and Marie Bayer.

Eventually, after receiving money to continue her studies, Anna Bayerová graduated from the University of Bern and thus became the second female Czech physician in 1881.

However, like the first female Czech physician (Bohuslava Kecková, who graduated in 1880 from the University of Zurich), Bayerová graduated from a Swiss university rather than a Czech one, and had to practice abroad as her doctorate was not recognized by her homeland.

She established her own private practice in Berne whereas Bohuslava Kecková had the first qualification she became a Czech midwife.