Anna Mackenroth

[1][2] She was born and grew up in Danzig, (then in the Kingdom of Prussia), where as a young woman she worked as a teacher.

[1] In the early 1880s, she moved to Berlin where she gave private lessons in classical languages, philosophy and mathematics, while progressing her own studies in her spare time.

[1] Her doctoral dissertation was entitled "The History of Women in Commerce and Business" ("Zur Geschichte der Handels- und Gewerbefrau").

[4] A referendum opened the way for women to practise as lawyers in Zurich in 1898,[2] and Mackenroth received her practicing certificate on 27 January 1900.

[1] In 1911, she married Heinrich Kramer, a Zürich businessman, after which she was no longer publicly active in the women's movement.