Annabel Matthews (December 31, 1883 – March 24, 1960) was the first woman to serve as a judge of the United States Board of Tax Appeals, having been appointed to that office by President Herbert Hoover in 1930.

[3] She was then employed in the United States Department of the Treasury as a member of staff of the Interpretative Division of the General Counsel to the Commissioner.

[6] A dinner thrown in honor of her appointment included a speech by former Wyoming Governor Nellie Tayloe Ross imploring women to seek election to public office.

[1] In 1939, Matthews was one of several prominent women judges who wrote letters in an unsuccessful effort to promote the nomination of Florence E. Allen to the United States Supreme Court.

[1] In 1948, President Harry S. Truman appointed Matthews to a seat on the Fair Employment Board of the United States Civil Service Commission, over the opposition of the American Council on Human Rights, the National Council of Negro Women, and the Congress of Industrial Organizations due to Matthews participating in preventing blacks from becoming members of the Washington chapter of the American Association of University Women.