[2] Ambedkar wrote the speech as an essay under the title "Annihilation of Caste" and sent in advance to the organisers in Lahore for printing and distribution.

After much deliberation, the committee of organizers decided to cancel their annual conference in its entirety, because they feared violence by orthodox Hindus at the venue if they held the event after withdrawing the invitation to him.

[2] Ambedkar subsequently published 1500 copies of the speech as a book on 15 May 1936 at his own expense as Jat-Pat Todak Mandal failed to fulfill their word.

Ambedkar meticulously exposes the tyranny imposed by upper-caste Hindus on the untouchable community, providing instances of discrimination and advocating for the reconstruction of Hindu society.

[6] In the essay, Ambedkar criticised the Hindu religion, its caste system and its religious texts which are male dominant and spreading hatred and suppression of female interests.

[2] Ambedkar's central argument revolves around the detrimental impact of caste on ethics, morality, and public spirit within Hindu society.

He laments the destruction of public spirit, charity, and opinion within Hindu society, asserting that caste loyalty supersedes broader ethical considerations.

[11] Ambedkar proposes two primary solutions to abolish the caste system: inter-caste marriages and the destruction of religious scriptures, including the Vedas and Puranas.

[2][11] In July 1936, Gandhi wrote articles under the title "A Vindication Of Caste" in his weekly journal (Harijans) in which he made comments on Ambedkar's address.