Anogenital distance

It is considered medically significant for a number of reasons, in both humans and other animals, including sex determination and as a marker of endocrine disruptor exposure.

[7] A study by Swan et al. determined that the AGD is linked to fertility in males, and penis size.

[3] Women who had high levels of phthalates in their urine during pregnancy gave birth to sons who were ten times more likely to have shorter than expected AGDs.

[13] In 2017, Gobikrushanth et al. studied the relationship between AGD (the distance from the center of the anus to the base of the vagina and the clitoris) and fertility in Canadian Holstein cows.

They found that in first and second parity cows an increase in AGD has an inverse correlation with pregnancy success after first artificial insemination.