Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences confirmed that A. viridulus is genetically distinct, exhibiting 7–9% divergence from its closest relatives.

[2] The specific epithet viridulus is derived from the Latin diminutive for "green", reflecting the vivid coloration and small size of this anole.

The species is characterized by a combination of: short limbs and a tapering tail, smooth to slightly keeled body scales, squeaky vocalizations when handled.

[2] A. viridulus demonstrates territorial behaviors, with males showing lateral compression and dewlap extension when threatened.

[2] The species occurs within protected areas, including Sierra del Rosario Biosphere Reserve and Parque Nacional Viñales.