In artificial intelligence (AI), anticipation occurs when an agent makes decisions based on its explicit beliefs about the future.
The concept stays in contrast to the reactive paradigm, which is not able to predict future system states.
Humans can make decisions based on explicit beliefs about the future.
More broadly, animals can act in appropriate ways that take future events into account, although they may not necessarily have an explicit cognitive model of the future; evolution may have shaped simpler systemic features that result in adaptive anticipatory behavior in a narrow domain.
[3] For example, hibernation is anticipatory behavior, but does not appear to be driven by a cognitive model of the future.