Antiochus Hierax

Antiochus (/ænˈtaɪ.əkəs/; Greek: Ἀντίoχoς; killed c. 226 BC), called Hierax (/ˈhaɪəræks/, Ἱέραξ, "Hawk") for his grasping and ambitious character,[1] was the younger son of Antiochus II and Laodice I and separatist leader in the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom, who ruled as king of Syria during his brother's reign.

A year later, probably under the influence of his mother,[2] Antiochus demands the possession of Asia Minor from his brother Seleucus II Callinicus and quickly declares his independence in order to expand his territory and his authority.

239 BC[3] and then ruled over Asia Minor - where he developed a coinage while his brother had to go in Iran to stop a rebellion in Parthia[4] In c. 238, Antiochus and his Galatians allies attacked Pergamon but had to face its powerful ruler Attalus I. Attalus defeated the Gauls and Antiochus at the Battle of Aphrodisium and again at a second battle in the east.

Subsequent battles were fought and won against Antiochus alone: in Hellespontine Phrygia, where Antiochus was perhaps seeking refuge with his father-in law,[5] Ziaelas of Bithynia; near Sardis in the spring of 228 BC; and, in the final battle of the campaign, further south in Caria on the banks of the Harpasus, a tributary of the Maeander.

Antiokhos Hierax had two wives: - daughter of the ruler of Kappadokia (see Ariarathes III of Cappadocia) whose country he was allied with at least in 230 BCE.