She went to Paris-Sorbonne University for her undergraduate studies, earned a master's degree in history and a licence in geography in 1984, and then earned a diplôme d'études approfondies in 1989 at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, studying the scientific contributions of the Jesuits under the supervision of Daniel Roche.
Continuing with Roche, she completed a doctorate in 1996; her dissertation was Les jésuites et la révolution scientifique.
In 1997 she became a researcher at the Alexandre Koyré Centre, and in 2005 she went on leave from the center to take a chair in the history of sciences at the European University Institute in Florence.
[3] She has also translated a book by Paolo Prodi into French as Christianisme et monde moderne: Cinquante ans de recherches (EHESS, 2006).
[9] In 2001, Romano won the prize for young historians of the International Academy of the History of Science for her book La contre-réforme mathématique.