Roman sources such as Plutarch and Cassius Dio say that Artavasdes II's betrayal had caused Antony's defeat in Parthia, but modern scholars instead blame a lack of logistical planning on the part of Antony.

In addition, Antony needed to boost his prestige in Rome, which had declined because the Parthian campaign had failed.

Until the summer of 34 BCE, Antony waited in Alexandria, and he made his attack in early September.

On September 18, Antony's troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II, who was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra until he was executed in 31 BCE.

In 20 BCE, Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia, which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between them.