[1] For example, many water lilies (Nymphaea species) produce aporphine alkaloids such as nymphaeine, nymphaline, nupharine, α- and β-nupharidine.

[2] In vitro, tests of some aporphine derivatives isolated from Cassytha filiformis, namely, actinodaphnine, cassythine, and dicentrine, showed antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma brucei.

Investigation of possible mechanisms revealed that the compounds bind to DNA and act as intercalating agents, in addition to inhibiting topoisomerase activity.

Historically, apomorphine has seen a variety of clinical uses including as a treatment for anxiety and cravings in alcoholics, as an emetic, and more recently in treating erectile dysfunction.

Apomorphine is also utilized in veterinary medicine to induce therapeutic emesis in canines that have recently ingested toxic or foreign substances.

[6] In rodents, aporphine administration has been demonstrated to activate gene expression, specifically in the nuclei of the hypothalamus, resulting in stereotypical behavior of erection and yawning.

In humans, aporphine produces nonsexual erections that are enhanced by erotic stimulation without changes in libido, but significant side effects can occur.

A sublingual formulation of aporphine 2-4 mg with a rapid onset of action has been developed, proven to be efficacious in erectile dysfunction patients with controlled diabetes, hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia or coronary artery disease.

Specifically, it inhibits lipid peroxidase and performs free radical-scavenging activities, thereby exhibiting a protective effect on endothelial cells.

[19] Aporphine alkaloids present in Litsea glutinosa, a tropical plant with antioxidant and anti-parasitic properties, are claimed to contribute to anti-cancer activity.

Commonly known as the blue lotus, Nymphaea Caerulea is available in several forms, including dried plant material, teas, and extracts for electronic cigarettes.