Michael (archangel)

[7][8][9][10] Christianity conserved nearly all the Jewish traditions concerning him,[11] and he is mentioned explicitly in Revelation 12:7–12,[12] where he does battle with Satan,[13] and in the Epistle of Jude, where the archangel and the devil dispute over the body of Moses.

[19] Michael is mentioned explicitly in Revelation 12:7–12, where he does battle with Satan and casts him out of heaven so that he no longer has access to God as accuser (his formal role in the Old Testament).

[22] In verses 9–10, the author denounces the heretics by contrasting them with the archangel Michael, who, in disputing with Satan over the body of Moses, “did not presume to pronounce the verdict of 'slander' but said, 'The Lᴏʀᴅ punish you!

[34] In the sixth century, the growth of devotions to Michael in the Western Church was expressed by the feasts dedicated to him, as recorded in the Leonine Sacramentary.

Imperet illi Deus, súpplices deprecámur, tuque, Prínceps milítiae caeléstis, Sátanam aliósque spíritus malígnos, qui ad perditiónem animárum pervagántur in mundo, divína virtúte, in inférnum detrúde.

Many Protestant theologians identify a relationship, (e.g. typological or identical), between Michael with Christ, including: Martin Luther[63][64] Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg,[65] Andrew Willet[66] Herman Witsius[67] W. L. Alexander, Jacobus Ode,[68] Campegius Vitringa,[69] Philip Melanchthon,[70] Hugh Broughton,[71] Franciscus Junius,[72] Hävernick[73] Amandus Polanus,[74] Johannes Oecolampadius,[75] Samuel Horsely,[76] William Kincaid[77] John Calvin[78] Isaac Watts,[79] John Brown,[80] and James Wood.

According to Adventists, such a view does not in any way conflict with the belief in the full deity and eternal preexistence of Jesus Christ, nor does it in the least disparage his person and work.

[116] Various hadith traditions linked to the Surah Al Imran 3:124, has stated that those angels has taken form of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, companion of Muhammad.

[120] According to another hadith in Sahih Muslim, Michael, along with Gabriel both dressed in white, were reported to have accompanied Muhammad on the day of the Battle of Uhud.

[121] Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri has recorded in his historiography works of Quran and Hadith revelation in Prophetic biography, that Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas testified has saw Jibril and Mikail during that battle.

[122] In Shia Islam, in Dua Umm Dawood, a supplication reportedly handed down by the 6th Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, the reciter sends blessing upon Michael (with his name spelled as Mīkā'īl):[123][124] O Allah!

[127] The hadith (sayings of and about the Prophet collected by his followers) quote Muhammed mentioning both Gabriel and Michael as two angels who showed him Paradise and hell, and in the early years of Islam the Muslims recited the names of both in the obligatory daily prayers (the salat).

Baháʼí publications interpreting the Book of Revelation from the New Testament say Baha'u'llah was a chief prince of Persia[129][130] foretold as Michael who would win "final victory over the dragon".

In the Secret Book of John, a second-century text found in the Nag Hammadi codices of Gnosticism, Michael is placed in control of the demons who help Yaldabaoth create Adam, along with six others named Uriel, Asmenedas, Saphasatoel, Aarmouriam, Richram, and Amiorps.

[134] In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Saint Michael's principal feast day is 8 November (those that use the Julian calendar celebrate it on what in the Gregorian calendar is now 21 November), honouring him along with the rest of the "Bodiless Powers of Heaven" (i.e. angels) as their Supreme Commander (Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers), and the Miracle at Chonae is commemorated on 6 September.

[138] From medieval times until 1960 it was also observed on that day in the Roman Catholic Church; the feast commemorates the archangel's apparition on Mount Gargano in Italy.

[146] Later in the fifteenth century, Jean Molinet glorified the primordial feat of arms of the archangel as "the first deed of knighthood and chivalrous prowess that was ever achieved.

Similarly, the Sanctuary of St. Michel (San Migel Aralarkoa), the oldest Christian building in Navarre (Spain), lies at the top of a hill on the Aralar Range, and harbours Carolingian remains.

St. Michel is an ancient devotion of Navarre and eastern Gipuzkoa, revered by the Basques, shrouded in legend, and held as a champion against paganism and heresy.

[154] The Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel (CSMA), also known as the Michaelite Fathers, is a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church founded in 1897.

[163] According to Legends of the Jews, archangel Michael was the chief of a band of angels who questioned God's decision to create man on Earth.

[167] The legend is supposed to have predated the actual events, but the fifth- to seventh-century texts that refer to the miracle at Chonae formed the basis of specific paradigms for "properly approaching" angelic intermediaries for more effective prayers within the Christian culture.

[171] The legend of the apparition of the Archangel at around AD 490 at a secluded hilltop cave on Monte Gargano in Italy gained a following among the Lombards in the immediate period thereafter, and by the eighth century, pilgrims arrived from as far away as England.

[172] The Tridentine calendar included a feast of the apparition on 8 May, the date of the 663 victory over the Greek Neapolitans that the Lombards of Manfredonia attributed to Saint Michael.

After the plague ended, in honor of the occasion, the pope called the mausoleum "Castel Sant'Angelo" (Castle of the Holy Angel), the name by which it is still known.

[34] According to Norman legend, Michael is said to have appeared to St Aubert, Bishop of Avranches, in 708, giving instruction to build a church on the rocky islet now known as Mont Saint-Michel.

[177] In the 1667 English epic poem Paradise Lost by John Milton, Michael commands the army of angels loyal to God against the rebel forces of Satan.

[179] Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Praelium Michaelis Archangeli factum in coelo cum dracone, H.410, oratorio for soloists, double chorus, strings and continuo (1683).

Some depictions with Gabriel date back to the eighth century, e.g. the stone casket at Notre Dame de Mortain church in France.

[185] In Byzantine art, Michael was often shown as a princely court dignitary rather than a warrior who battled Satan or with scales for weighing souls on the Day of Judgement.

The name Michael in Hebrew
St. Michael weighing souls during the Last Judgement , Antiphonale Cisterciense (15th century), Abbey Bibliotheca, Rein Abbey, Austria
Second-class relic stone of Saint Michael the Archangel from Monte Gargano, Italy
West window showing Michael in armour, Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania) United States; memorial to the dead of the First World War
Archangel Michael at a Portuguese feast in Cabeceiras de Basto
Statue of St Michael at the former seat of the Bavarian Military Order of Saint Michael in the Electoral Palace, Bonn , Germany
An 18th-century statue of a triumphant Saint Michael, enshrined as the patron of Bacoor, Cavite , Philippines . The town fiesta was originally on May 8, the Feast of the Apparition at Mount Gargano.
Tenth-century gold and enamel Byzantine icon of St Michael , in the treasury of the St Mark's Basilica