Constitution of Argentina
The Argentine Constitution consists of a preamble and two normative parts: The following international human rights instruments —treaties and declarations— also have constitutional status by virtue of article 75 paragraph 22: The first attempt to divide political power in Argentina was during the government created after the May Revolution (Spanish: Revolución de Mayo): the Primera Junta could not create new taxes without the Cabildo's authorization.
The first constitutional amendment to the original 1853 text occurred in 1860 after Buenos Aires rejoined the Argentine Confederation.
Another important inclusion was the constitutional recognition of Buenos Aires' exclusive rights guaranteed by the Treaty of San Nicolás.
It allowed a more flexible ratio for proportional apportionment in the Chamber of Deputies and set the number of ministries to eight.
In 1972, a "Constitutional Amendment" carried out by the military government led by General Alejandro A. Lanusse reformed the 1957 text.
It included many of the modifications from the 1972 "amendment" as the growth of the Senate size (three per Province), one-term consecutive presidential reelection and reduction of its term to four years.
Other changes were done to ensure a softer presidentialist regime, the inclusion of a new chapter into the Bill of Rights related to politics, health and environment, and also the adoption of a much faster legislative procedure for creating laws.
Finally, it lays the foundations for the policy of support of immigration, by asking "for the protection of God, source of all reason and justice" for all people who desire to inhabit Argentina.
These include limited labor day, just salary, right of organization, social security benefits, etc.
Individuals have complete freedom to do or refuse to do anything in private, except if that interferes with public order or morality, or causes damage to third parties.
Section 19 says that private actions of men that don't harm the public order or another man can not be judged by authorities.
The Constitution mandates a strict separation of government powers, into three branches (Executive, Legislative, and Judicial) and the Public Ministry.
The vice-president replaces the President in case of illness, absence from the capital, death, resignation, or removal.
In the 1994 amendments to the 1853 Constitution, the post of the Chief of the Cabinet Ministers was created who would serve as chief operating officer and would run the day-to-day operations of the government and will be at the same time, be politically responsible to both Houses of the National Congress, the Senate and Chamber of Deputies and they can remove him or her via censure.
The creation of the post was intended to reduce the presidentialist character of the country's presidential form of government.
The Legislative Branch is composed of the vice-president, a bicameral Congress, the General Auditing Office of the Nation and the Ombudsman.
The General Auditing Office of the Nation is a technical advisory body of Congress with functional autonomy.
The Supreme Justices and all judges hold their offices as long as they are not deposed for misbehavior and enjoy intangibility of remuneration.
