Army of Congress Poland

[4] The uprising begun when a group of young officers tried, unsuccessfully, to assassinate Grand Duke Constantine.

[5] The defeat of the uprising in 1831 marked the end of the existence of a regular Polish army for almost a century.

[7] It was reorganized into a Russian army model, with infantry and cavalry divisions, artillery brigades and batteries, and an engineering corps.

[8] Notable Polish commanders of the Army included Ignacy Prądzyński and Józef Bem,[7] and General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski.

Its nominal commander-in-chief was the Russian viceroy, Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, although for most purposes the Army was commanded by a Military Council.