Following the suppression of the 1905 Revolution, he fled to the United States, where he met his wife Fanya Baron and participated in the local workers movement.

[2] Following the February Revolution, Baron returned to Ukraine,[3] where his lectures and writings grew in popularity and the Kyiv bakers' union elected him to represent them at the local Soviet.

In the wake of the October Revolution, Baron moved to Kharkiv with Fanya, where they participated in the establishment of the Nabat, a confederation of anarchist organizations in Ukraine.

[2] By the summer of 1919, the Nabat had been forcibly dispersed by the Bolshevik government, which brought Baron and Volin to join the ranks of the Makhnovshchina, serving on its Cultural-Educational Commission[4] and on the Military Revolutionary Council.

[7] In September 1920, during an illegal conference of the Nabat in Kharkiv, Baron issued a resolution that was highly critical of the Makhnovshchina, declaring it "better to vanish into a Soviet prison than vegetate in that terrible atmosphere".