Arseny Sokolov graduated from Tomsk State University (TSU) in 1931.
He obtained the degree of Kandidat nauk (Candidat of Science, equivalent to PhD) from TSU under supervision of Piotr Tartakovsky (1934).
The degree of Doktor nauk (Doctor of Science) was obtained by him from Leningrad Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute (1942, at that time in evacuation in Kazan).
He was a member of the Soviet Communist Party, a dean and secretary of bureau of the Communist Party of the Physics Department of the Moscow State University.
Sokolov's research areas were quantum field theory and elementary particle physics.