Arthur Scott King (January 18, 1876 – April 17, 1957) was an American physicist and astrophysicist.

He was born in Jerseyville, Illinois, the son of Robert Andrew and Miriam Munson King.

In 1883 the family moved to Santa Rosa, California in an attempt to alleviate their son Arthur's chronic asthma.

In 1895 Arthur graduated from Fresno High School, then attended the University of California, Berkeley.

After winning a Whiting Fellowship, he spent two years in Germany, studying at Bonn and Berlin and travelling in Europe.