In accordance with Kant (and contrary to what Aristotle thought) Karl Marx, Alfred Whitehead,[1] Jaques Derrida and Juan David García Bacca noticed that nature is incapable of reproducing tables; or airplanes, or submarines, or computers.
Juan David Garcia Bacca summarized, “It will not come out from wood, it will not be born, a galley; from clay, a vessel; from linen, a dress; from iron, a lever,...From natural, artificial.
The dialectic cannot emerge from the natural, for deeper reasons than, using today's terms, from a bird, an airplane cannot emerge; from fish, a submarine; from ears, a telephone; from eyes, a television; from a brain, a digital computer; from feet, a car; from hands, an engine; from Euclid, Descartes; from Aristotle, Newton; from Plato, Marx.”According to García Bacca, the major difference between natural causes and artificial causes is that nature does not have plans and projects, while humans design things following plans and projects.
Previous ideas that have also provided a positive 'sense' to natural reproduction, are orthogenesis, syntropy, orgone and morphic resonance, among others.
Although, these ideas have been historically marginalized and often called pseudoscience, recently Bio-semioticians are reconsidering some of them under symbolic approaches.
Current metaphysics of science actually recognizes that the artificial ways of reproduction are diverse from nature, i.e., unnatural, anti-natural or supernatural.
Non-assisted reproductive technologies (NART) could have medical motivations but are mostly driven by a wider heterotopic ambition.
[3] Cloning is the cellular reproductive processes where two or more genetically identical organisms are created, either by natural or artificial means.
Artificial cloning normally involves editing the genetic code, somatic cell nuclear transfer and 3D bioprinting.
The aspect of non-assistance is the key distinction between the current artificial womb technology (AWT) in modern medical research, which still relies on human assistance.
With this non-assisted hypothetical technology, a zygote or stem cells are used to create an embryo that is then incubated and monitored by artificial intelligence (AI) within a chamber composed of biocompatible material.
[citation needed] This type of innovation presupposes that vertebrate wombs are not the only way for bearing humans or other similar forms of life.
[6] Self-replication without binary fission, meiosis, mitosis (or any other form of cellular reproduction that involves division and growing) can be achieved.
Xenobots are cellular life forms designed by using artificial intelligence to build more of themselves by combining frog cells in a liquid medium.
Such automated constructive replication involves the notion of inheritance and learning tasks, as machines create an exact copy of themselves through a blueprint that has been passed on to them.