He is known as the person who triggered a series of incidents retold in a story known as Chūshingura (involving the forty-seven rōnin), one of the favourite themes of kabuki, jōruri, and Japanese books and films.
It was the first time he met Kira Yoshinaka, the highest-ranking kōke, the head of ceremonial matters at the Shogunate, who instructed officials in the manner of hosting noble guests from Kyoto.
To prevent this, he adopted his younger brother Asano Nagahiro, titled Daigaku, who was accepted as his heir apparent by the shogunate.
On the day of his death, he drew his short sword (Wakizashi) and attempted to kill Kira in the Corridor of the Pines at Edo Castle in what is now Tokyo.
On the same day, the fifth Tokugawa shōgun Tsunayoshi sentenced him to commit seppuku, which he did after writing his death poem: 「風さそう花よりも / なお我はまた / 春の名残を / いかにとやせん」 "kaze sasou / hana yori mo nao / ware ha mata / haru no nagori wo / ika ni toyasen."