It was the ideal location for a fortress, as the hill is surrounded by the Volga River to the west and north, and by lakes and marshes to the south and east.

The chiefs responsible for the construction and planning of the stone fortress were Mikhail Ivanovich Veliyaminov, Grigorii Ovcin and lecturer Dei Gubastii.

The construction of Assumption Cathedral, which began in October 1, 1699, was likely the most significant event that was held on the territory of the Astrakhan Kremlin.

Thirty professional stonemasons, led by bondman architect Dorotheos Myakisheva, were invited to undertake the project.

Windows and dome heads were framed by columns in the Corinthian style, and semicircular arches were filled with paintings depicting biblical scenes.

The upper church, dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, is a tall and light-filled temple intended for ceremonial worship during the warm months.

In 1919, the Red Army was reorganized under the leadership of Sergei Kirov to protect the Volga's outfall and to defeat the White Guard troops and foreign interventionists.

Visitors can see Casual Suits archers and scorers, elements of their weapons and ammunition, and an exhibition dedicated to the history of popular uprisings and corporal punishment.

In 2011, after the restoration of the Kremlin, the Guardhouse exposition was opened, providing insights into the life of the Astrakhan military garrison in the 19th century.