The term was coined by Aihwa Ong in her publication Flexible Citizenship: The cultural logics of transnationality in 1999.
[5] One main reason for the astronaut family is to promote foreign business and open international markets in key economic areas.
Semantic play refers to astronaut as a man and in these families men often do leave, while women stay as housewives in the host country.
[5] During the 1980s and 1990s, a substantial migration of Chinese families from Hong Kong and Taiwan brought a visible influx of wealth to Canada.
[6] Transnational living arrangements may impact children negatively or positively depending on characteristics of both the child and parent.