The observation mediums and interpretation methods vary, as audio analysis can refer to the human ear and how people interpret the audible sound source, or it could refer to using technology such as an audio analyzer to evaluate other qualities of a sound source such as amplitude, distortion, frequency response.
A type of sensory perception that occurs in much of the planet's fauna, audio analysis is a fundamental process of many living beings.
The Fourier transform has been an essential theorem in understanding how the human ear processes moving air and turns it into the audible frequency range, about 20 to 20,000 Hz.
The difference in time it takes for a sound to reach both ears provides the necessary information for the brain to calculate the spatial positioning of the source.
These products tend to employ Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms and processing to provide a visual representation of the signal being analyzed.