The Australian Whale Sanctuary, established in 1999, aims to protect dolphins and whales from hunting in waters within the Australian government's jurisdiction.

Additionally, it includes the EEZ adjacent to the coastline of the Australian Antarctic Territory, recognised only by the United Kingdom, New Zealand, France and Norway.

[2] The sanctuary is the scene of an ongoing controversy between Australia and Japan over whaling.

In 2008 the Federal Court of Australia ruled it was illegal under Australian law for the Japanese whaling fleet to kill whales in the Sanctuary.

[3][4] In 2015 Kyodo Senpaku Kaisha Ltd was found guilty of wilful contempt of court and fined A$1,000,000.