Austrolebias charrua is a species of killifish from the family Rivulidae.

It is endemic to the basin of the Lagoa dos Patos in southern Brazil.

[1] This species was described in 2001 with the type locality given as a temporary pool near Chuí and Santa Vitória do Palmar in Rio Grande do Sul.

[2] The specific name refers to the Charrúa an indigenous people who lived in Rio Grande do Sul,[3] as well as neighbouring parts of Argentina and Uruguay.

This Rivulidae article is a stub.