[1] VIP was discovered in 1970, and has been used to treat various inflammatory conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

[7][8] May 2021: NRx Pharmaceuticals Announces Positive Results for ZYESAMI™ (aviptadil-acetate) and Submits Emergency Use Authorization Application to USFDA to Treat Critical COVID-19 in Patients Suffering from Respiratory Failure.

[9] April 2022: The Central Licensing Authority, DCGI granted avipatdil manufacturing and marketing permission to Zuventus Healthcare Ltd under the brand name 'Oxyptadil', for treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 with ARDS.

October 2000 UK (Invicorp): aviptadil, in combination with the adrenergic drug phentolamine, is approved as an effective alternative therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) patients.

These effects contribute to an extensive range of physiological and pathological processes related to development, growth, and the control of neuronal, epithelial, and endocrine cell function.

Beside the neuronal source, VIP is also expressed and released from endocrine organs - Heart, Thyroid, Kidney and GI tracts.