Avishai Henik (Hebrew: אבישי הניק; born 1945) is an Israeli neurocognitive psychologist who works at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU).

He then moved to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem to study for his MA and PhD degrees under the supervision of Nobel Laureate Daniel Kahneman.

His early works focused on single word processing and the Stroop effect and later on visual spatial attention, numerical cognition, dyscalculia, emotions, and synesthesia.

His studies, on patients[6] as well as the archerfish,[7] documented the role of subcortical structures (e.g., superior colliculus) in inhibition of return (IOR).

[13] Moreover, attentional alerting (thought to involve subcortical brain structures) was found to modulate cognitive control / executive functions.

[9] Henik studies the building blocks of numerical cognition and developmental dyscalculia[14]—a specific deficiency in arithmetic that is similar in nature and prevalence to dyslexia.

[20] In recent years Henik pointed out the importance of non-countable dimensions (e.g., which object is larger in size, how much water is in the glass) to numerical cognition.

[25] It has been suggested that synesthesia can serve as a window to understanding crucial issues in object perception such as feature binding, and that it documents cross-talk between supposedly separate systems (e.g., vision and audition).