Avivore

General features of avian avivores include a skull form which is well adapted for grasping and crushing with the beak, although not especially well structured for neck twisting motions.

In certain biotopes, birds constitute the bulk of the diet of various carnivorans, e.g., of adult leopard seals that mostly prey on penguins, the Arctic fox living in coastal areas where colonies of murres, auks, gulls and other seabirds abound and stoats in New Zealand against whom flightless birds like the takahē and kiwi are defenseless.

Other avivore mammals who occasionally prey on birds include most carnivora; a number of primates ranging from lorises and night monkeys over baboons and chimpanzees to humans; orcas; opossums and other marsupials; rats and other rodents; hedgehogs and other insectivora and bats.

[1] The greater noctule bat is believed to predate small migrating birds on the wing in the skies of Southern Europe.

It has been theorized that the centipede was able to enter this ecological niche due to the absence of endemic mammalian predators on the island.

[12] In addition, other types of birds also fall prey to mantises, such as warblers, sunbirds, honeyeaters, flycatchers, vireos and european robins.