[3] This means that if a modifying noun is labelled human and referential then a postpositional word form is utilized.

[3] Santos=paSantos=POSSkuzhupigSantos=pa kuzhuSantos=POSS pig‘Santos's pig’ [3]: 125 Carmen=paCarmen=POSSayshpihshsisterCarmen=pa ayshpihshCarmen=POSS sister‘Carmen's sister’ [3]: 125 paynyahiscuchilloknifepaynya cuchillohis knife‘his knife’ [3]: 125 apmyakkwamotherap akkwamy mother‘my mother’ [3]: 125 Part whole relations are incorporated in the same fashion as possession in Awa Pit.

It is also worth mentioning that Awa Pit is a Barbacoa language that specializes in placing part-whole relationships with a bare noun or a ‘genitive marker’.

[3] Santos=paSantos=POSSsaylarmSantos=pa saylSantos=POSS arm‘Santos's arm’ [3]: 126 apmypimpullegap pimpulmy leg‘my leg’ [3]: 126 awapersonkɨzpuheadawa kɨzpuperson head‘a human's head’ [3]: 126 tɨtreeayaskintɨ ayatree skin‘(tree) bark’ [3]: 126 In terms of tense inflections, there are formal markers when referring to the past and the future in Awa Pit, and there is also an extra subtle category that helps express the present.

Basically, if a marker for the past or future does not display itself in a sentence, then the string of inflections most likely represents the present.

[3]: 176 There are also mood inflections that display a variety of meanings and discover a less cooperative group than the rest in semantically and syntactically manners.

[3] Parts of Speech: noun, pronoun, adjective, verbs, post-positions, adverbs, interjections, discourse particles AOV/SV organization [3] anthisDemAdjkɨhleafNan kɨhthis leafDemAdj N“This leaf.” [3]: 118 katsabigADJyalhouseNkatsa yalbig houseADJ N“A large house” [3]: 91 wakatacattleii-tɨ-zidie-PAST-NONLOCUTwakata ii-tɨ-zicattle die-PAST-NONLOCUT“The cow died” [3]: 120 auweyalhouseau yalwe house“Our house.” [3]: 124 -a speaker can use singular form or the plural subject pronoun[3] The next two examples shows Unmarked nature of S and A, and the division of O between referential human (accusatory) and other (unmarked) DemetrioDemetrioAna-wa1SG-ACCO (ref.

human)pay-tbuy-SVVkway-ziDROP-NONLOCUT Demetrio kuzhu pay-t kway-ziDemetrio pig buy-SV DROP-NONLOCUTA {O (not ref.

(NOM)=TOP Santos=ACC follow/catch:up-IMPF-LOCUTSUBJ OBJ V“I am following Santos.” [3]: 100 Camilo=naCamilo=TOPSUBJna-wa1SG-ACCOBJ(1‍)palaplantainOBJ(2‍)kwin-tɨ-sgive-PAST-LOCUT:UNDERVCamilo=na na-wa pala kwin-tɨ-sCamilo=TOP 1SG-ACC plantain give-PAST-LOCUT:UNDERSUBJ OBJ(1‍) OBJ(2‍) V“Camilo gave me a plantain.” [3]: 102 [mesa=ta[table=inLOC.PPlibro]book]Nounkwin-zhagive-IMP.1OBJ [mesa=ta libro] kwin-zha[table=in book] give-IMP.1OBJLOC.PP Noun {}“Give me the book on the table.” [3]: 118 tɨntastrongawapersonukstonemanmove(1‍)ki-nin-tumove((2‍)-CAUS-IMPFPARTtɨnta awa uk man ki-nin-tustrong person stone move(1‍) move((2‍)-CAUS-IMPFPART“The strong man moved the stone (caused the stone to move).” [3]: 165 shitshu=kanabird=likekwiyan-tu=nacry-IMPFPART=TOPshitshu=kana kwiyan-tu=nabird=like cry-IMPFPART=TOP“She cries like a bird.” [3]: 144 OBJ: object SUBJ: subject A: transitive subject O: transitive object N: noun V: verb DROP: perfective serial verb "kway-" IMP: imperative IMPF: imperfective aspect IMPFPART: imperfective participle LOC: locative postposition LOCUT: locutor person marker NONLOCUT: non-locutor person marker POSS: possessive postposition PP: postpositional phrase SV: serial verb marker TERM: terminative aspect UNDER: undergoer