The city is named after the Battle of Ayacucho (December 9, 1824), which took place in Peru.

The epic poem, by Argentine writer José Hernández, evokes de life of an impoverished gaucho who has been drafted to serve at a border fort, defending the Argentine inner frontier against the native peoples.

José Zoilo Miguens, the first publisher of the book, was the founder of Ayacucho.

This fact currently lets the city of Ayacucho become the center of debate about Martin Fierro.

The workshops for investigation, promotion and debate about the universe of Martín Fierro take place in Ayacucho every year.