Supplied from the mainland, the refinery though exceeded the capacity of the Bahrain oil field from its inception and was among the largest in the region.

[3] Later that year the Standard Oil Company of California signed an agreement with Texaco, which acquired a half of BAPCO's shares.

[7] In August 2021, BAPCO signed a five year agreement for catalyst management with Chevron Joint Venture for $240 million.

The ceremony was attended by Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa, who was also given a tour of the facilities and briefed about further BMP project progress.

[20][21] A strategic partnership between the two companies, which began in July 2024, provides BAPCO with additional market opportunities and trading strategies, as well as access to TotalEnergies' networks.

It operates a 267,000-barrel-per-day (42,400 m3/d) oil refinery which lies midway between the original BAPCO expat workers accommodation township of Awali and Sitra.

[25][26][27] On December 2, 1925 the British Eastern and General Syndicate acquired from the Sheik of Bahrain an oil concession (full text: [28]) over 100,000 acres with exclusive right to develop the area.

Gulf Oil was at the time a shareholder in the Near East Development Corporation which held a 23.75% stake in the Iraq Petroleum Company.

[36] Standard Oil of California (SOCAL), not restricted by the Red Line Agreement, had in the meantime bought the option from Gulf Oil and created a Canadian subsidiary, the Bahrein Petroleum Company in anticipation of what would be acceptable to the British government and stood ready to begin work on the concession.

The conference then compiled a list of stipulations beneficial to the British government under which they would be willing to recommend to the Sheikh to extend the licence.

[38] The Colonial office was delighted when in a July 19, 1929 meeting EGS did not dispute the right of the British government to impose restrictions and it was not necessary to make use of the prepared arguments.

All the technical equipment needed to lay a pipe and construct a loading dock from local building materials could be fitted on a single ship.

The tanker El Segundo (medium sized 3,664 gross tons built in 1912[47]) with a crew of 45 sailed from San Pedro on December 28, 1933[48] and arrived via Mumbai on February 22, 1934.

She anchored 16,000 feet offshore beyond the stretch of shallow water that was to be bridged by a 12-inch pipeline resting on the ocean floor.

In 1935 the decision was reached to build a 10,000 bbl/d refinery and ground was broken in October 1935 at a site on the northwest of the island opposite Sitra between the oil field and the loading dock.

[54][55] The Oil and Gas Journal published a technical description in the 1937-12-30 issue, stating the capacity as 25,000 bbl/d, but in principle already capable of more if a few bottlenecks were removed.

By then, there were a total of three 12-inch, one 10-inch and one 8-inch sea loading lines (one for each type of refined product[53]) and 2,407,150 barrels of storage capacity of which 541,200 were for crude oil.

[58] The Italian air force bombed the refinery on October 19, 1940, but caused practically no damage except that resulting from changing allocation of military resources in the aftermath.

In 1945, a 34 mile 12-inch 62,000bpd pipeline was laid to connect the mainland's Dammam field to the refinery on Bahrein Island, whose capacity was concurrently increased to 60,000 barrels per day.

The Ras Tanura refinery and associated pipeline infrastructure was built at the same time and began initial operations at 50,000bpd a little later at the end of 1945.