After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, he enrolled in the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Uzbekistan, of which he graduated from in 1994.

[1] In December 2013, he was appointed to the post of Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Uzbekistan.

In 2015, Kurbanov was appointed as Head of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the City of Tashkent.

On 11 February 2019, Kurbanov was appointed as Minister of Defense, replacing Lieutenant General Abdusalom Azizov, who was transferred to the National Security Service.

[6][7] Since 15 August 2020, he has concurrently been the Chairman of the Mixed Martial Arts Association (MMA) of Uzbekistan.