[1][2] The defeat of the Patriot forces in the First Intermedios campaign led to increased tensions between the Peruvian Army and the Constituent Congress.

[4] On 26 February 1823, heads of the Army of the Centre, led by Andrés de Santa Cruz, headquartered at the Balconcillo hacienda, signed a demand to dissolve the short-lived and unstable Congress and its Governing Junta.

[2][4] A day later, after Congress stated that they would postpone the discussion that the army demanded, the troops moved from the Balconcillo hacienda to Lima.

[5] José de la Riva Agüero was elected head of state of the country on 28 February, being the first to govern with the title of President.

[2][4] Riva Agüero and the Congress later clashed, with the latter declaring him a traitor and the former dissolving the entity,[2] thus beginning the so-called First Militarism, a period of anarchy which concluded with Simón Bolívar governing Peru in 1824.