[8][9] It ranges from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, and southern Arizona south in higher elevations through Mexico and Central America to northern Argentina.

In autumn it migrates out of its permanent resident range into northern California, New Mexico, and parts of Utah and Colorado.

It is the largest pigeon in North America, measuring 33 to 40 cm (13 to 16 in) long and weighing 225–515 g (7.9–18.2 oz).

Adults have green iridescence on the back of the neck, adjacent to a thin white collar on the nape.

In addition to acorns and other seeds, the band-tailed pigeon will seasonally consume fruits such as Pacific madrona and Toyon berries.