Maria Barbara Krafft (née Steiner; 1 April 1764 – 28 September 1825) was an Austrian painter, best remembered today for her widely reproduced posthumous portrait of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

She was born in Iglau (now Jihlava, in the Czech Republic) where her father, the Austrian Imperial court painter Johann Nepomuk Steiner, was working at the time.

In 1789 she married the Viennese pharmacist Josef Krafft.

Their son Johann August Krafft, born in 1792 and taught by his mother, later became a painter and lithographer.

For various periods between 1794 and 1803 Krafft worked and travelled alone in Jihlava, Salzburg, and Prague, achieving increasing success primarily as a portrait painter, but also producing genre and religious works.