Barthélemy Pouliot (October 15, 1811 – February 26, 1890) was a Quebec businessman and political figure.

He represented L'Islet in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.

He was born in Saint-Jean on the Île d'Orléans in 1811 and was educated at Quebec City.

Pouliot was one of the founders of the Québec, Chaudière, Maine and Portland Railway.

In 1854, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Dorchester.